The high-frequency properties of magnetic materials are closely linked to their static properties. Therefore, characterizing these materials typically requires studying both their static properties (saturation magnetization, anisotropy field) and their dynamic properties (complex permeability).
The extraction of static or low-frequency properties relies on the use of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and dedicated setups for measuring the hysteresis loop, initial magnetization curve, anisotropy field, and Curie temperature. The measurement of complex permeability, on the other hand, is based on transmission line methods and covers frequency ranges from a few MHz to several tens of GHz.
